Kibenko V., Pilyasov A. Reindeer husbandry in the Russian Arctic and the private nomadic family-based reindeer entrepreneurship of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. In: Glomsrød, S., G. Duhaime and I. Aslaksen (eds.). 2021. The Economy of the North – ECONOR 2020. P. 138-142.

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Kibenko V., Pilyasov A. Reindeer husbandry in the Russian Arctic and the private nomadic family-based reindeer entrepreneurship of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. In: Glomsrød, S., G. Duhaime and I. Aslaksen (eds.). 2021. The Economy of the North – ECONOR 2020. P. 138-142.

Contents

Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................3

1. The Economy of the North – ECONOR 2020: An introduction....................................................................7
Solveig Glomsrød, Gérard Duhaime and Iulie Aslaksen

2. Social and economic conditions and inequalities in the circumpolar Arctic ........................................13
Gérard Duhaime, Karen Everett, Sébastien Lévesque, Taoyuan Wei, Marileine Baribeau and Andrée Caron

Box I: The use of Purchasing Power Parities in this report.......................................................................................................34
Taoyuan Wei and Solveig Glomsrød

Box II: S£mi statistics in Norway...................................................................................................................................................36
Anders Sønstebø

3. Comparative analysis of Arctic economies from a macro level perspective ........................................39
Solveig Glomsrød and Taoyuan Wei

Box III: Considerations When Evaluating Gross Domestic Product Estimates for Arctic Regions.......................................48
Scott Goldsmith

4. Arctic economies within the Arctic nations...............................................................................................51
Solveig Glomsrød, Taoyuan Wei, Ryan Macdonald, Lars Lindholt, Scott Goldsmith and Thórólfur Matthíasson

Box IV: The value of having the exclusive right to exploit a natural resource .......................................................................93
Lars Lindholt

Box V: Svalbard – coal, tourism and research ............................................................................................................................94
Jan Henrik Wang, Jakob Kalko, Mikael Sandberg and Hege Raaberg Bekkevold

Box VI: Economic values from ocean management by Norway in the Barents Sea and Lofoten.......................................98
Edita Zahirovic

5. Arctic petroleum extraction with increased rates of return.................................................................101
Lars Lindholt and Solveig Glomsrød

Box VII: Mineral extraction in the Arctic ....................................................................................................................................110
Lars Lindholt

Box VIII: Benefit sharing in Arctic Extractive Industries...........................................................................................................114
Andrey N. Petrov and Maria S. Tysiachniouk

Box IX: Social dimensions of mining in Yukon Territory.........................................................................................................116
Gertrude Saxinger

6. Interdependency of subsistence and market economies in the Arctic ...............................................119
Inuit Circumpolar Council, Gwich’in Council International, Davin Holen (coordinating author), Hannah L. Harrison, David Natcher, Ryan Macdonald, Alexander Pilyasov, Valeriy Kibenko, Ravdna Biret Marja E. Sara, Ellen Inga Turi, Risten MN Buljo, Anders Oskal, Svein Disch Mathiesen, Iulie Aslaksen, MarieKathrine Poppel, Birger Poppel and Susanna Gartler

7. Tourism in the Arctic...................................................................................................................................155
Derek J. Clark, Mikko Moilanen and Stein Østbye

8. Transportation, infrastrucure and permafrost degradation in the Arctic .........................................171
Nadezhda Zamyatina, Ryan Macdonald, Alexander Pilyasov, Dmitry Streletskiy and Luis Suter

Box X: Change in biodiversity and the loss of reindeer pastureland in Finnmark, Norway. An example of the use of GLOBIO3 as a decision support tool in the Arctic ..........................................................184
Wilbert van Rooij, Iulie Aslaksen, Philip Burgess, Per Arild Garnåsjordet and Svein D. Mathiesen

Box XI: Sustainability in the Barents region measured with indicators from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) framework..........................................................................................................................186
Alexandra Middleton, Andrey Mineev, Erlend Bullvåg and Sissel Ovesen

9. Concluding remarks .....................................................................................................................................191
Solveig Glomsrød, Gérard Duhaime and Iulie Aslaksen

List of authors and other contributors..........................................................................................................193

List of figures.....................................................................................................................................................195

List of tables......................................................................................................................................................198