Gurko T. Opinions regarding marriage and parenthood: factors of inter-European and intra-Russian differences. The scientific heritage. 2021. Vol. 5. No. 72. Pp. 56-64. DOI: 10.24412 ...

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The purpose of the article is analysis of factors of the diversity of opinions regarding marriage and parenthood in European countries as well as in Russia based on European Social Survey-2018.  Dependent variables are opinions regarding the rights of homosexual people to live their own life, the rights of same-sex couples to adopt children, childlessness, cohabitation, fragile families, divorcing with children and regarding of mothers, who has a full-time job while she has children aged under 3 years old. It found that the problems of same-sex couples and conscious childlessness are the most topical among habitants of European countries. The main independent variables hypothetically influencing these opinions in European countries: behavior of inhabitants (measured by statistic indicators: total fertility rate, birthrate outside marriage, cohabitations and divorces) and legislation. Opinions and behaviors in most European countries correspond in relation to childlessness, cohabitation and outside marriage births. The links between legislation and opinions are ambiguous. These connections are established in relation to new social practices (same-sex unions, adoption of children by them), but not in relation to divorce, that is, the already established norm of behavior. Such variables of intra-Russian differences as gender, the presence of children, age group, education and religiosity were analyzed. It is shown that the most differentiating factor of opinions about marriage and parenthood in Russia is the generation. The opinions of Russians are more liberal in younger age groups and more conservative in older ones. As for cohabitation, in Russia the difference between age groups is greater than the difference between European countries.

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